Design and Implementation of IoT Based Smart Transportation Fleet Management for Public Buses in Kano Municipal LGA, Kano State
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Background of the study
Public transportation is a critical component of urban mobility, and in Kano Municipal LGA, public buses play a vital role in daily commuting. However, challenges such as inefficient route management, maintenance delays, and fuel wastage have hindered optimal service delivery. The advent of IoT‑based smart transportation fleet management systems offers a transformative approach to address these issues by integrating real‑time tracking, automated scheduling, and predictive maintenance features (Abubakar, 2023). These systems employ GPS trackers, sensors, and data analytics platforms to monitor bus locations, operating conditions, and passenger loads continuously (Hassan, 2024). By leveraging such technologies, transportation authorities can optimize routes, reduce idle times, and enhance overall fleet efficiency.
The deployment of IoT‑driven fleet management in Kano Municipal promises several benefits. Firstly, real‑time data allows for dynamic route adjustments, enabling buses to avoid congestion and reduce travel times. Secondly, predictive maintenance can minimize breakdowns and extend the lifespan of vehicles by identifying potential issues before they escalate into costly repairs (Ibrahim, 2023). Additionally, data analytics can facilitate improved scheduling and resource allocation, ensuring that buses are deployed in response to actual passenger demand rather than fixed timetables. These innovations can lead to cost savings, enhanced passenger satisfaction, and a reduction in environmental impacts through lower fuel consumption and emissions (Jibril, 2023).
Despite the promising prospects, the implementation of IoT‑based fleet management systems in Kano Municipal faces significant obstacles. Inadequate digital infrastructure, limited technical expertise, and high initial investment costs hinder the widespread adoption of these technologies. Furthermore, data security and privacy concerns, coupled with regulatory challenges, complicate the integration process (Lawal, 2023). The interoperability of different IoT devices and the need for continuous system updates further add to the complexity of implementation. Therefore, there is a critical need to explore these challenges comprehensively and propose a framework that addresses both the technological and operational aspects of IoT‑based fleet management in public transportation. This study aims to fill this gap by examining current operational inefficiencies, assessing the feasibility of IoT solutions, and developing a strategic model that ensures the successful integration and sustainability of smart fleet management systems in Kano Municipal LGA (Mustapha, 2024).
Statement of the problem
Public bus operations in Kano Municipal LGA suffer from significant inefficiencies that lead to increased operational costs and reduced service quality. Traditional fleet management practices, which rely heavily on manual monitoring and fixed scheduling, have become inadequate in addressing the dynamic challenges of urban transportation. Issues such as route congestion, unpredictable traffic patterns, and maintenance delays contribute to fuel wastage, frequent breakdowns, and passenger dissatisfaction (Abubakar, 2023). The absence of a real‑time monitoring system further exacerbates these challenges, preventing the timely adjustment of routes and the efficient allocation of resources.
Moreover, the integration of IoT‑based solutions into the existing transportation framework is hindered by infrastructural limitations. The lack of robust digital connectivity, coupled with high implementation costs and insufficient technical expertise, poses significant barriers to the adoption of smart fleet management systems (Hassan, 2024). Additionally, concerns regarding data security, interoperability among different IoT devices, and the absence of standardized protocols have created uncertainty among stakeholders regarding the reliability and long‑term benefits of such technologies (Ibrahim, 2023).
This study aims to systematically analyze these issues by evaluating the current state of public bus operations, identifying key technical and operational challenges, and assessing the potential of IoT‑based systems to improve fleet management. The research will propose a strategic framework that addresses infrastructural deficits, streamlines maintenance processes, and optimizes route planning, ultimately leading to cost reductions and enhanced passenger experiences. By bridging the gap between existing operational practices and advanced IoT solutions, the study seeks to lay the foundation for a more efficient and responsive public transportation system in Kano Municipal LGA (Jibril, 2023).
Objectives of the study
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To evaluate the current inefficiencies in public bus fleet management in Kano Municipal LGA.
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To assess the potential of IoT‑based systems in optimizing route management, maintenance, and scheduling.
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To develop a strategic framework for the effective implementation of IoT‑based smart fleet management systems.
Research questions
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What operational inefficiencies exist in the current public bus fleet management system in Kano Municipal LGA?
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How can IoT‑based technologies improve real‑time monitoring and route optimization for public buses?
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What strategies can overcome infrastructural and technical challenges in implementing these systems?
Significance of the study
This study is pivotal for modernizing public transportation in Kano Municipal LGA. By investigating the application of IoT‑based fleet management, it provides practical insights that can enhance route efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and improve passenger satisfaction. The proposed framework will guide policymakers, transportation authorities, and technology providers in integrating smart systems into existing operations, thereby fostering a more sustainable and efficient public transport network. The research ultimately contributes to reduced environmental impacts and improved urban mobility (Abubakar, 2023; Hassan, 2024).
Scope and limitations of the study
This study is limited to the design and implementation of IoT‑based smart transportation fleet management systems for public buses in Kano Municipal LGA, focusing on technical, infrastructural, and operational aspects. Broader aspects of urban transportation are not addressed.
Definitions of terms
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of devices that communicate and exchange data in real‑time.
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Fleet Management: The administration and coordination of a group of vehicles to optimize efficiency and performance.
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Predictive Maintenance: A proactive approach that uses data analytics to predict and prevent vehicle breakdowns.
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